Albedo varies across the lunar surface. Highland regions are brighter than maria. Surface roughness and composition affect reflectivity. The Moon reflects about 12% of sunlight on average. This changes the apparent brightness and shadowing. Observations help calibrate telescopes and satellites. Scientists study reflectance to infer mineral composition.
It matters for astronomy and navigation. Accurate brightness models improve imaging and mission planning.
It also affects Earth’s night illumination. Moonlight influences animal behavior and cultural practices.
The far side is slightly darker than the near side due to maria distribution.
NASA [nasa.gov]